Emperical Correllation of Hydraullic Characteristics of Ikpa River Akwa Ibom State Nigeria (Published)
The study examined the hydraulic properties of the of IKPA river and and its impact on sediment transport. Measurements such as depths of the river, Top width, discharges were measured along the stretch of the river. The cross section of the river was divided with ranging poles with maximum distance of 4m apart. The maximum velocity of the river was 0.94m/s while the minimum velocity of 0m/s was recorded in the cross-section of the rivers. The maximum velocity of the river was recorded at the second vertical and the minimum velocity was recorded at the banks of the river and also on the bed of the river. The regression analysis of the velocity profile against depth at different stages showed a quadratic relationship between the velocity and depth of the river with R2 value of 0.962 which occurred at the 3rd vertical, of stage 2.2m. The highest discharge recorded at the stages of the river was 9.79m3/s which occurred at stage 3.28m. Regression analysis of the average depth against the discharge showed a power function relation which a maximum R2 value of 0.90. Results showed that the maximum discharge of the river recorded was 33.71m3/s at the velocity of 0.67m/s and at the depth of 1.73m from the bed of the river.
Keywords: Regression Analysis, discharge, river, stages, velocity, verticals
Impact of Brewery Effluent Discharge into Niger River: A Case Study of Interfact Brewery Plc Onitsha Anambra State, Nigeria (Published)
In this study, effluent discharged from brewery was collected to assess its impact on the water quality of Niger River, Onitsha. The values of the effluent discharge from brewery were compared with values recorded for its receiving river. Parameters investigated include total suspended solid (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BODs), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, Temperature, conductivity and Dissolved Oxygen (Do). ANOVA test was used for the analyses of these parameters, with the exception of the pH, all the parameters measured from the brewery effluent site as well as in the river indicated higher levels than those permitted by the Nigerian industrial standard and WHO. The study revealed that effluent from the wastes treatment plant has higher BODs (142 Mg/L) and COD (400Mg/L) than those of receiving river (88.6 Mg/L and 198.22 Mg/L means) respectively. The indicators of all pollutions exceed the WHO and Nigeria industrial standard recommendations. It is therefore, being recommended that the brewery authorities as well as the Nigerian industrial standard must ensure that the brewery effluents meet quality standards. This action is urgently warranted as high level pollution of the industrial effluents cause environmental problems which will affect plants, animals and human lives.
Keywords: Impact, Interfact PLC, Niger River, Onitsha, brewery effluent, discharge