Two Sides of the Same Coin: Harmful or Helpful? A Critical Review of the Consequences of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Published)
This paper critically examines the literature on the consequences of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). More specifically it explores and summarizes the helpful and harmful effect of OCB identified in the literature. Based on the theoretical and empirical literature review the author developed a framework for understanding consequences of OCB research. Framework identifies four areas of emphasis of OCB consequences; the organizational level positive consequences, organizational level negative consequences, individual level positive consequences, and individual level negative consequences. For each emphasis area the paper discusses the theoretical frameworks used, different arguments by various scholars and summarizes the empirical research results. Although the review has found few negative outcomes of OCB, positive outcome seems to be very significance. Therefore, negative outcomes seem to be offset by positive ones. Study suggests that reducing in engagement in OCBs is not advisable, future research should focus in findings ways to reduce the negative outcomes while increasing engagement of OCBs. HR practitioners also can bring their consideration to deal with the negative effects of OCBs at workplace. The paper concludes with a discussion of emerging issues, new research directions, and practical implications of OCB consequences research. This review highlighted that although there is a growing multidisciplinary literature on OCB, much remains to be studied.
Keywords: Consequences, Future Directions, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Review
Causes and Consequences of Labour Unrest in Jute Mills of Khulna Division in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study (Published)
Bangladesh is eminent for jute production and earned a big amount of foreign currency by exporting jute and jute products but the jute industry of Bangladesh has been in continuous problems. Among them one of the major problems is labors unrest. This research is about the causes and consequences of labor unrest in Jute mills. Study looking at the major causes and consequences of labor unrest in jute mills in the light of socio-economic framework, looking at the irregularities and mismanagement of the mill authorities, and also tried to look at the current situation of trade union in jute mills. A huge number of people are working in the jute mills in our country that are mostly from lower income group. They are leading a miserable life because of their insufficient wages and other facilities. They have faced serious problems to maintain their family with this little income. In this regard the study tried to explore the socio-economic conditions of the workers. The study was conducted in some selected jute mills of Khulna division. The study has been conducted mainly in quantitative method and followed an interview schedule for collecting the data. 306 samples were selected purposively. Semi-structured questionnaire was used for conducting interview. Study found most of the workers are agitate because of dissatisfaction on salary, fringe benefits and working condition and outcome is unexpected mainly low productivity and frequent change of trade union leadership.
Keywords: Causes, Consequences, Labor, Social and Economical Impact, Unrest