Effects of Monetary Policy on Bank Lending in Nepal (Published)

Bank lending and monetary transmission mechanism are closely interlinked phenomena. Banks cannot be efficient in their performance without analyzing the impact of monetary policy actions. On the other hand, central bank cannot take appropriate policy actions without having appropriate knowledge of bank lending behavior. This study attempts to find out the impact of monetary policy actions such as cash reserve ratio, open market operations and bank rate on bank lending. In the study, panel data of 24 commercial banks during the period of 1996 to 2015 were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. This analysis shows that open market operations and cash reserve ratio have negative impact but bank rate  has positive impact on bank lending. Therefore,  the central bank of Nepal should rely mostly on open market operations and cash reserve ratio for monetary operation. Further, the study recommends that central bank should hold cash reserve ratio constant as a cushion for the borrowers from fluctuating lending rates by commercial banks. However, since excessive borrowing will have inflationary effect in the economy, the study recommends that central bank commit commercial banks to open market operations to control short term interest rate and money supply in the economy.

Keywords: Bank Lending, Central Bank, Commercial Bank, Monetary Policy

The Current Ethical Challenges in The Nigerian Commercial Banking Sector (Review Completed - Accepted)

Ethics and morals are seen as personal view points. No minding the viewpoint, south ethical and moral values are very relevant in the banking industry. Ethics consist of certain rules and standards of conduct recognised as binding in a professional body, association or organisation, which is binding in the members. This paper discusses the relevant functions of commercial banks, and the ethical challenges in the performance of these functions. It evaluates the current ethical challenges in the banking industry, discusses the roles various regulatory agencies, have to play, in the adherence to ethical values, and advances solutions that will combat the aforementioned ethical and unethical challenges for the commercial banks to survive, ethical and moral values must be respected and adhered to, and sanctions meted out to erring individuals, that disobey the rules. This paper is descriptive in nature as it examines, the ethical issues, challenges and recommendations involved in ethical practices by commercial bankers in Nigeria. It proffers far reaching solutions to these ethical/unprofessional challenges in the commercial banking sector in Nigeria

Keywords: BOFIA Act, Balance Sheet, CIBN, Commercial Bank, Engineering, Ethics, Poaching, Round Training, Unethical Activities