Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Properties of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Punica Granatum L. (Published)
Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Punica granatum was investigated. Extracts of the leaf was subjected to quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening, In vivo and In vitro scavenging activity against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were determined. The free radical scavenging activity of DPPH and H2O2 have SC50 of 1.069±0.29µmol/ml and 1.819±0.29µmol/ml respectively. DPPH actitvity of these extract shows no significant difference when compared with a standard value of Vitamin C is 1.140±0.26µmol/ml whereas H2O2 shows significant difference as compared to standared Vitamin C with SC50 value of 1.331±0.31µmol/ml. The administration of the extract at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weights of wistar albino rats significantly increased the levels of catalase 39.02±0.72nmol/mg and 39.55±0.62nmol/mg respectively with a negative control of 7.53±1.94nmol/mg as compared to the normal control value of 37.76±0.63nmol/mg whereas lipid peroxidation level decreased significantly at treatment groups 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg with value of 4.96±0.20(nmol/mg)/10-6 and 4.35±0.17(nmol/mg)/10-6 respectively when compared to the negative control group with a value of 8.21±0.15(nmol/mg)/10-6 and normal control value of 4.36±1.67(nmol/mg)/10-6, although there is no significant difference as compared to the normal control groups. These findings suggest possible antioxidant properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Pomegranate.
Citation: Babagana B., Shehu B.B., Daja A., and Gadaka M.A. (2022) Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Properties of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Punica Granatum L., International Journal of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Studies, Vol.7, No.2, pp.11-20
Keywords: Antioxidant activity, CCL4, DPPH, Oxidative stress, Punica Granatum, free radicals scavenging activity
Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Properties of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Punica Granatum L. (Published)
Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Punica granatum was investigated. Extracts of the leaf was subjected to quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening, In vivo and In vitro scavenging activity against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were determined. The free radical scavenging activity of DPPH and H2O2 have SC50 of 1.069±0.29µmol/ml and 1.819±0.29µmol/ml respectively. DPPH actitvity of these extract shows no significant difference when compared with a standard value of Vitamin C is 1.140±0.26µmol/ml whereas H2O2 shows significant difference as compared to standared Vitamin C with SC50 value of 1.331±0.31µmol/ml. The administration of the extract at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weights of wistar albino rats significantly increased the levels of catalase 39.02±0.72nmol/mg and 39.55±0.62nmol/mg respectively with a negative control of 7.53±1.94nmol/mg as compared to the normal control value of 37.76±0.63nmol/mg whereas lipid peroxidation level decreased significantly at treatment groups 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg with value of 4.96±0.20(nmol/mg)/10-6 and 4.35±0.17(nmol/mg)/10-6 respectively when compared to the negative control group with a value of 8.21±0.15(nmol/mg)/10-6 and normal control value of 4.36±1.67(nmol/mg)/10-6, although there is no significant difference as compared to the normal control groups. These findings suggest possible antioxidant properties of the methanolic leaf extract of Pomegranate.
Keywords: Antioxidant activity, CCL4, DPPH, Oxidative stress, Punica Granatum, free radicals scavenging activity
Loperamide Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats: Biochemical and Histological Evidence (Published)
Loperamide is a safe over-the-counter antidiarrheal drug. However, at supratherapeutic doses, it produces opioid effects. Here, we evaluated the neurotoxic effects of loperamide in rats brain. 20 rats were randomized into 4 groups (A-D) of 5 rats each. Rats in groups A (control) and B received vehicle for 7-day while rats in groups B, C and D were orally gavaged with 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg body weight (BW) of loperamide hydrochloride. The results revealed a dose dependent decrease in acetylcholine. Reactive oxygen species increased significantly while antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) lowered in the brain. Loperamide induces necrotic related morphological changes in rat brain with significant increase in malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and fragmented DNA. Loperamide deplete acetycholine thus causing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidation of cellular macromolecules. This study provides biochemical evidence supporting the neurotoxicity associated with supra-therapeutic dose consumed for euphoria effect.
Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Lipid Peroxidation., Loperamide, Neurotoxicity, Neurotransmitters, Oxidative stress