The Burden of Recognition in the Unilateral Declaration of Independence by Kosovo (Published)
Fourteen years after its Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI), Kosovo is not still an international legal personality. The major challenge that Kosovo has is neither recognition nor non-recognition but the withdrawal of recognition (WR) by countries that hitherto recognised it after the UDI. Evidently, the recognition of Kosovo has not only stagnated but it is retarding because of WR by some states. On 13 May 2022, Serbian Foreign Minister declared that there is WR by four additional countries bringing the total number of WR to twenty-two. The specific objective of the study is to evaluate the circumstances that precipitated the UDI of Kosovo and the reasons why its recognition is retarding. Accordingly, the study is guided by four research questions. The constitutive theory of statehood is the theoretical framework of the study. The study adopted the quality research methodology. The quagmire generated by the UDI of Kosovo compelled the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) to seek the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). There are a couple of reasons why the recognition of Kosovo is stagnating. The most important reason is to forestall a dangerous precedent for other secessionist movements. Some states still hold tenaciously to the illegality of Kosovo’s UDI despite the ICJ’s ruling. On 30 July 2022, the Prime Minister of Spain declared that the UDI of Kosovo is a violation of international law. The study recommends that the United Nation should clearly spell out the conditions for secession and recognition of States.
Citation: Nte T.U. (2023) The Burden of Recognition in the Unilateral Declaration of Independence by Kosovo, Global Journal of Political Science and Administration, Vol.11, No.1, pp.1-19
Keywords: Kosovo, Recognition, UDI, United Nations, security council, states
INTERNATIONAL ADMINISTRATION IN THE POST-CONFLICT SITUATION IN AFRICA BY THE UNITED NATIONS AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTORS (Review Completed - Accepted)
A common position adopted by international organization is that they establish the rule of law after violent internal conflict which is an essential pre-requisite in the transition from war to peace. A post-conflict state begins with the problem of order. In some instances ( such as El Salvador, Mali, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, Ruwada, Nicaragua, Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, South Africa, Cambodia, and Liberia), a peace agreement (often internationally mediated) may restore the authority of the state over its territory and implement peaceful means for sharing power or regulating the competition for power. In other instances, either the pre-existing state has completely collapsed, so that there is no over-arching indigenous political authority left, or the authority of the state has shrunk back to only a portion of the territory over which it exercises international legal sovereignty. Thus International Administration in post-conflict situation in Africa by the United Nations and other International Actors is in various con-apartments. The study is basically a qualitative in nature relying mainly on secondary sources of data from internet sources, official documents and country websites as the method of data collection. We made use of qualitative-descriptive analysis as our method of data analysis, that is, documentary studies of official document in other materials in analyzing the secondary data. The major purpose of embarking on this research is to appraise international administration in post-conflict situation in Africa by the United Nations (UN) and other international actors like African Union (AU), and probably others. Thus, we were able to make the following principle findings that, one, UN administration of post-conflict peace-building has not enhanced enduring peace in Africa. Two that African Union administration of post-conflict situation has not resulted to sustainable peace in Africa. On the bases of these, we recommend, one, there is need for United Nations (UN) to reform its administration of post-conflict peace-building framework in order to enhance enduring or lasting peace in Africa. Two, there is need for African Union (AU) to reform its administration of post-conflict re-construction framework necessary for achieveing sustainable peace in Africa.
Keywords: International Actors and Africa, International Administration, Post-Conflict, United Nations