Jordanian Domain Names (.Jo) The Concept and the Legal Nature (Published)
This study addressed the concept of Jordanian Domain Names (.jo) with regards to definition, explaining the key characteristics and registerable domain types in accordance with Domain Name Registration Policy that is accredited in Jordan. Therefore, it examined the legal nature and adaptation. Moreover, how their roles have been developed to be a legal tool after being a technical tool, to mark the online presence for people, which urged the legislation interference in several countries to organize related issues to the concept of those domains and their legal adaptation which is not found in Jordanian legislations that didn’t state internet domain names. Specifically, Jordanian domain under (.jo) neither the concept nor identifying the legal nature for domains and their position in legal concepts prevailed in Jordanian legal system. the registration policy addressed the technical procedural aspect for domains registration process without indicating their concept, nature and rights emanating from this registration. This matter urges legislation interference to organize legal issues related to those national domains which are distinguished, private and significant due to the considerations of independent legal nature added to the elements of Jordanian legal system.
Keywords: .jo, Domain Name, E-Commerce, ICANN, Internet, intellectual property
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW OF LEGAL PERSPECTIVE (Published)
The paper focuses on the significance of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in Nigeria with a view to ascertaining the legal and regulatory framework put in place and their consistency with international best practices. ISPs are a company that provides users and companies, corporation and government accesses to internet, creation of website and virtual hosting. ISPs used devices in the communication technology to install accesses links to internet in an area. Some of the larger ISPs operate a high-speed broadband. The paper examines ISPs as service providers to internet networks across the globe for the purpose of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The paper adopts doctrinal methodology approach wherein the relevant data collected was analysed and the finding brought out. The findings of the paper reveals that ISPs are conducting their businesses within the legal and regulatory frameworks put in place by the government and that they are duty bound to maintain a register of customers and monitor the activities of such customers and report any suspicious activities. It further reveals that Nigeria has the basic regulatory framework in monitoring the ISPs, but needs more in other to fight cyber crimes and competes globally. Therefore, the paper recommends that there should be a strong hold relationship between the law enforcement agencies and the ISPs so as to curb the menace of cybercrime. It further recommends that main ISPs should lead and enhance the way of ensuring reliability, integrity and security of the internet as a critical infrastructure and so does the others. That as a matter of urgency, the Bills before the National Assembly relating to ISPs be enacted into law in other to complement other relevant laws and to also enable Nigeria build business trust and benefits from international investment.
Keywords: Cyber Crime, Internet, Internet Service Providers, Telecommunication
CYBER PORNOGRAPHY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK (Published)
The focus of the paper is on cyber pornography as a related content of cybercrime and the analysis of legal framework. Cyber pornography is a new set of crimes in cybercrime beneath cyberspace which fundamentally and centrally falls under the application of information and communication technologies. The paper discusses the legal framework of cyber pornography with a view to identify the relevant laws with particular reference to the legal position. The discussion is limited to cyber pornography which covers the use of depict images in the internet. The methodology of the paper adopted is doctrinal approach method wherein relevant data collected were analysed and the finding brought out. The finding of the paper reveals that countries should adapt sex education policy for both the children and the parents on the existence of using internet in circulation of unpleasant images and further recommends that children should not hesitate to report any incidence of gross indecency against any person to their parents and law enforcement agencies.
Keywords: Cyber pornography, Internet, Legal Framework, Nigeria
TAX CHALLENGES OF E-COMMERCE IN NIGERIA: THE PANACEA FOR LEGAL JURISPRUDENCE (Published)
The strides in information and communication technology (ICT) makes e-commerce a critical and inexorable feature of the global economy. In modern trend, significant numbers of transactions are consummated online. In Nigeria, it is no longer news that Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is promoting a ‘cash-less policy’ to drive development and modernation of our payment system in line with Nigeria’s version 2020 goal of being amongst the top 20 economies of the year 2020. This paper seeks to examine the tax framework to reflect the realities of modern transactions, establish a basis of taxation that arrests leakages and enables tax authorities to capture revenue that would otherwise have continued to leak. The researcher recommends the legal frame work of e-commerce taxation which has to be amended to reflect the global taxation principles of e-tax in our tax laws as a sovereign state so that investors and business carried on online should be taxed. Also that our tax policy and compliances to the regulatory authorities such as FIRS(Federal Inland Revenue Services)should be enforced on defaulting businesses, individuals and corporate entities as wells government agencies and departments to minimize tax evasion and avoidance.
Keywords: Assessment and E-Payment, Cybercrime, E-Commerce, ICT, Internet, Leakages, Legal Framework, Taxation