The Development of Constitutional Review Systems in Europe and the Albanian Context (Published)
Constitutional review systems are crucial to the promotion of the rule of law, the strengthening of constitutional principles, and the protection of fundamental human rights. These systems, which originated in the early 20th century, have undergone substantial evolution. In Europe, diverse legal frameworks, political structures, and governance models developed, while mechanisms to uphold constitutional integrity and safeguard democratic values became more and more a necessity. The concept of judicial review, first developed in the United States, provided an influential model for European countries, many of which adapted this system into their own constitutional review frameworks. Central to this evolution was the Kelsenian model, which proposed a centralized system with specialized constitutional courts holding exclusive jurisdiction over constitutional matters.
Keywords: Albanian, Development, Europe, constitutional review systems
A Comparative Overview of Refugee Rights in Europe and India (Published)
By the end of 2016, nearly 5.2 million refugees and migrants reached Europe undergoing severe hardships.[1] Torn apart by war and persecution, most people arrived in Europe from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and other countries. Since 2015 many have lost their lives or have gone missing. Women and Children are among the most vulnerable. Policymakers and academics have long proposed cross-regional comparative analyses of policies and laws to enable different regions to learn from the experiences of each other. Against this background, the article provides a comparative overview of the refugee rights and concerns in the EU and in India. The article demonstrates the possibilities for sharing and learning from each other good practices concerning protection of the rights of vulnerable groups and integration provisions.
Keywords: Europe, India, comparative overview, refugee rights