Legal and Administrative Efficiency of Value Added Tax and Revenue Generation in Bayelsa State, Nigeria (Published)
Value added tax (VAT) remains a vital instrument for revenue mobilization in Nigeria, yet its effectiveness depends on the strength of legal frameworks and administrative efficiency. In Bayelsa State, where fiscal reliance on oil revenue is unsustainable, improving VAT efficiency is critical for economic stability. This study employed quantitative research design using survey data from tax administrators, business operators, and legal practitioners in Bayelsa State. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied to examine the relationship between legal and administrative efficiency of VAT and revenue generation. Results revealed a positive and significant relationship between legal and administrative efficiency and VAT revenue performance. Specifically, clear and enforceable VAT laws, coupled with robust administrative processes such as digital platforms, taxpayer monitoring and staff capacity development, significantly enhanced compliance and revenue collection. However, the study also highlights constraints including Nigeria’s federal revenue-sharing system, weak compliance culture, and administrative bottlenecks, which may limit the full realization of efficiency gains at the state level. The findings underscore the need for policymakers to strengthen VAT registration, invest in administrative infrastructure, and promote taxpayer education to optimize VAT revenue. By doing so, Bayelsa State can diversify its fiscal base, reduce overdependence on oil revenues, and enhance long-term fiscal sustainability.
Keywords: Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Revenue Generation, administrative efficiency, legal efficiency, value added tax
Legal and Tax Implications of Cryptocurrency Adoption and Financial Inclusion in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State (Published)
The study investigates the relationship between legal and tax implications of cryptocurrency adoption and financial inclusion in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey research design with primary data collected via structured questionnaires in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria after face and content validity. Cronbach was employed to test the reliability of the instrument, and quantitative analysis employed univariate and bivariate analysis to estimate the association between cryptocurrency adoption and financial inclusion outcomes. Findings indicate a significantly positive association between perceived legal risk (PLR) of cryptocurrency adoption and financial inclusion, a significantly positive association between volatility perception index (VPI) of cryptocurrency adoption and financial inclusion, a significantly positive association between transaction time satisfaction (TTS) of cryptocurrency adoption and financial inclusion and a significantly positive association between peer adoption index (PAI) of cryptocurrency adoption and financial inclusion. Hence, the study concluded that cryptocurrency adoption influences the access and usage of financial services for financial inclusion. The study underscores the need for proportionate regulation (risk-based know your customers, licensing of VASPs, disclosure and custody rules, targeted digital literacy programs and infrastructure investments to translate crypto’s technical potential into inclusive, safe financial participation.
Keywords: Bayelsa State, Cryptocurrency, Financial Inclusion, Legal, Taxation, Yenagoa