The Effect of Acculturation through Ethnic Identity on Self- Adaptation of Punjabi Teenagers at the Age of 15-18 Years in Medan City, Indonesia (Published)
This research aims to obtain a model of influence of acculturation of integration, separation and assimilation through the unexamined search and achieved ethnic identity against the self-adaptation of Punjabi teenagers at age of 15 – 18 years in Medan city. The hypothesis of this research is the influence of acculturation of integration, separation and assimilation through unexamined, search and achieved ethnic identity to the self-adaptation of Punjabi teenagers at age 15 – 18 years old in Medan city. This research uses quantitative approach in the form of descriptive explanatory with causal relationship design. The research subjects are the 88 Punjabi teenagers at age of 15 – 18 years old in Medan City which are obtained by snowball sampling technique. The data collection instruments are acculturation scale, ethnic identity and self-adaptation. The data of this research are collected by using questionnaires arranged in the form of ordinal scale with Likert scale model. The data have been obtained, analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which is conducted in two ways, namely testing the measurement model through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) analysis technique, and testing of structural model through Partial Least Square (PLS) through the Smart – PLS software program. The result of hypothesis testing shows that the effect of acculturation of integration, separation and assimilation through unexamined, search ethnic identity, and the achievement have an effect on the self-adaptation of Punjabi teenagers at the age of 15-18 years in Medan city. The effect models of integration acculturation, separation and assimilation through the unexamined, search, and achieved ethnic identity against self-adaptation of Punjabi teenagers at the age of 15-18 year in Medan City proved to have suitability of theoretical model with empirical data.
Keywords: Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, Punjabi Tribe, Self Adaptation
The Pokot Worldview as an Impediment to the Spread of Christianity among the Pokot People (Published)
Christian missionaries established the first mission work among the Pokot people of West Pokot County in 1931 when the Anglican Bible Churchman’s Missionary Society (BCMS) set up a mission centre at Kacheliba. They, however, encountered a lot of resistance and non- response from the Pokot people. To date, the bulk of the Pokot people are still conservative to their traditional lifestyle and reluctant to open up to change and new ideas. This paper examines the Pokot worldview as a challenge to the spread of Christianity among the Pokot people. In so doing, the author seeks to establish ways through which evangelization could be done to make the Pokot people embrace change in order to utilize development opportunities that come with it. A descriptive design was employed for the study. Purposive, snowball and random sampling methods were used to select the respondents. The study was guided by the structural functionalism theory by David Merton of 1910. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the collected data which was obtained through questionnaires and oral interviews. The study established that the Pokot community is much acculturated and the people are strongly bound together by their tribal customs; majority of whom prefer their traditional lifestyle to modernity.
Keywords: Acculturation, Christianity, Pokot community, Pokot worldview