Thin Film Investigation of Silver Doped Zinc Oxide as Electrode Material (Published)
Thin film materials for the production of low energy density devices such as supercacitors are very attractive because of the positive impact on the environment. Metal oxides thin films materials are widely used due to their unique properties unlike single structured metal oxide thin films which amy suffer from low efficiency under visible light. In this study the doping of ZnO thin films with Ag form a composite material with new properties due to synergetic effect. The synthesis of ZnO thin film was by electrodeposition technique after which the optical properties were characterized using UV-VIS spectrometer. A slight shift in the absorption spectra to the higher wave length was observed in all the samples. It can be seen that the optical transmission of pure ZnO is about 47 % at 1026 nm in the visible region and after doping it increased to 71 % at 950 nm due to the presence of impurity; negative reflectance spectra shown by most samples is an indication of the incident and refracted wave travelling in the same direction. The optical energy gap of the doped samples ranges from 3.32-3.43 eV, these observations show that the Ag behavior as a p-type dopant of ZnO is good for the realization of low energy density devices such as supercapacitors.
Cisssan Sylvanus (2022) Thin Film Investigation of Silver Doped Zinc Oxide as Electrode Material, European Journal of Material Science, 9, (1), 44-63
Keywords: Electrode, Material, Thin Film, oxide, silver doped zinc
Characteristics and Composition of Fermentation Containers, Its Effect on Ph and Some Functional Properties for Effective and Sustainable Fermentation of Locust Beans (Parkia biglobosa) (Published)
The choice for type of container to be used for effective and sustainable fermentation of locust bean (Iru) has been of contention by local processors having preference for some materials over others. Calabash gourd, highly dense polyethylene (plastic) and stainless steel were used to ferment locust bean for a threshold of 72 hrs. pH of significant difference p<0.005 was obtained from calabash gourd 6.02, plastic 5.95, and stainless steel 5.8. Insignificant differences were obtained in bulk density, water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity.Iheke et al 2017 reported increase in pH with fermentation time and Olasupo et al 2016 reported a threshold of pH 8.2 after four days of fermentation. The three respective containers have low thermal and electrical conductivities but calabash, a polymer of lignin fused with cellulose has the lowest thermal and electrical conductivities of 0.163W/MK and 0.01 W/mK at 25oc respectively, followed by plastic a polymer of polyethylene with 0.4W/Mk and 0.44W/mK at 25oc respectively, and stainless steel an alloy of Iron, Chromium, Nickel, Molybdenum, Carbon, Manganese and Nitrogen having the highest values of 15 W/mK and 16W/Mk at 25o c. The insulating capacity and ability to retain and sustain heat in a closed system is inversely proportional to both thermal and electrical conductivities.
Keywords: Characteristics, Composition, Fermentation, Material