Genetically modified (GM) crops have emerged as a focal point in contemporary agricultural discourse, particularly in developing nations where food insecurity, climate vulnerability and regulatory capacity intersect. In Nigeria, public debate surrounding GM foods is characterized by polarized narratives, widespread misinformation and divergent perceptions of risk. This review synthesized empirical market surveillance data, peer-reviewed safety assessments, regulatory documentation and science communication research to distinguish evidence-based facts from prevalent myths regarding GM foods in Nigerian markets. Findings indicate that commercial GM crop cultivation remains strictly limited to Bt cowpea and Bt cotton with market testing revealing negligible unauthorized GM content in staple food commodities. International scientific consensus, supported by decades of compositional, toxicological and epidemiological data, affirmed the safety of approved GM foods for human consumption. However, legitimate concerns persist regarding regulatory enforcement, labelling compliance, seed sovereignty and equitable access. By integrating risk perception theory with biosafety governance frameworks, this paper outlined actionable policy recommendations to strengthen Nigeria’s biotechnology landscape. Bridging the gap between scientific consensus and public understanding requires culturally responsive science communication, transparent regulatory monitoring and inclusive stakeholder engagement to ensure that agricultural biotechnology advances food security without compromising public trust or agro-biodiversity.
Keywords: Modified, Nigeria, biosafety, biotechnology, genetically, organisms
