This article presents comprehensive guidance for implementing Zero Trust security architecture in enterprise Kubernetes environments. Drawing from real-world implementation experiences at SAP Labs, it addresses the security challenges inherent in the dynamic, ephemeral nature of containerized workloads. The framework established spans five critical domains: Role-Based Access Control, service mesh integration for secure pod communication, workload segmentation strategies, and policy-as-code enforcement. Each domain is explored with practical implementation patterns and organizational adoption considerations. The integration of identity management, mutual TLS, namespace isolation, admission controllers, and continuous compliance monitoring creates a defense-in-depth strategy aligned with Zero Trust principles. This guidance serves security architects and Kubernetes administrators tasked with hardening enterprise deployments while balancing security requirements with operational efficiency. By providing a structured approach to authentication, authorization, network security, and policy enforcement, the architecture enables systematic verification of every access request, regardless of origin, thus creating a robust security foundation that adapts to the ephemeral nature of containers while maintaining strong governance controls across distributed microservices architectures in complex enterprise environments.
Keywords: RBAC, kubernetes security, policy-as-code, service mesh, workload segmentation, zero trust
