Incidences of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Hepatitis C Antibodies in Diabetics Patient at Oouth (Published)
In recent time, controversy have been stirred up over the aetiology of liver failure in diabetic patients. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the incidence of Hapatitis B surface antigen and Hapatitis C antibodies in diabetic patients at OOUTH. 5ml venous blood samples was collected from the diabetic patients, centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5minutes and screened for HBV and HCV using ELISA and Diaspot Kits respectively. Out of the 230 diabetic patients screened for Hepatitis Virus Infection, 49 (19.6%) of them were positive while 185 (80.4%) were negative. HBV infection was highest in frequency by 43 (95.6%), followed by HBV and HCV co-infection, with a frequency of 2 (4.4%). Gender and ages of diabetic patients were observed not to have significant relationship with the incidence of viral hepatitis infection (P>0.05). Incidence of viral hepatitis was significantly higher in uneducated and widowed diabetic patients (P<0.05). Higher incidence of viral hepatitis infection was found to be significantly associated with tattooing (P<0.05) while no significant association was observed between same infection and each of alcoholism, blood transfusion, previous surgery and number of sex partners (P>0.05). When the diagnostic test result of diaspot was compared with ELISA, sensitivity of 11.1% and 82.2% were respectively observed (P<0.05).In conclusion, this study has established that the incidence of viral hepatitis was higher among diabetic patients with no formal education, those who are widows, and tattoo. It was further discovered that diaspot is less sensitive compared to ELISA
Keywords: Aetiology, Diabetes, ELISA, HBV, HCV, Hepatitis, Liver
Mechanisms of Immunity to Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Albino Rats: Role Of Homologous Antibodies (Published)
The role of antibodies in conferring protection against infection caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in albino rats was carried out in this study. Antibody against E. coli O157:H7 of known titre was raised actively and used to passively protect some sets of rats intraperitoneally. Antibody titre was determined using tube agglutination test. At different intervals, starting from 30 minutes to 168 hours, the liver, spleen and ileum of actively, passively immunized and unimmunized rats were dissected out and the number of trapped E. coli O157:H7 was counted in these selected organs using standard microbiological techniques. The highest recovery of the organism was seen in unimmunized rats followed by the actively immunized rats. The least recovery was seen in the passively immunized rats. The spleen trapped more of the organism compared to the liver and ileum throughout the experiment. From this investigation therefore, passively raised antibodies to E. coli O157:H7 play a significant role by causing a reduction in the number of trapped E. coli O157:H7 in the organs examined. It is conceivable therefore that in case of an outbreak of infection caused by this organism, administration of preformed antibodies against E. coli O157:H7 to infected individuals, that is, passive immunity will reduce the severity of the infection and also the spread of the infection in the community.
Keywords: Antibody, E. coli O157:H7, Ileum, Immunization, Liver, Spleen
Mechanisms of Immunity to Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Albino Rats: Role Of Homologous Antibodies (Published)
The role of antibodies in conferring protection against infection caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in albino rats was carried out in this study. Antibody against E. coli O157:H7 of known titre was raised actively and used to passively protect some sets of rats intraperitoneally. Antibody titre was determined using tube agglutination test. At different intervals, starting from 30 minutes to 168 hours, the liver, spleen and ileum of actively, passively immunized and unimmunized rats were dissected out and the number of trapped E. coli O157:H7 was counted in these selected organs using standard microbiological techniques. The highest recovery of the organism was seen in unimmunized rats followed by the actively immunized rats. The least recovery was seen in the passively immunized rats. The spleen trapped more of the organism compared to the liver and ileum throughout the experiment. From this investigation therefore, passively raised antibodies to E. coli O157:H7 play a significant role by causing a reduction in the number of trapped E. coli O157:H7 in the organs examined. It is conceivable therefore that in case of an outbreak of infection caused by this organism, administration of preformed antibodies against E. coli O157:H7 to infected individuals, that is, passive immunity will reduce the severity of the infection and also the spread of the infection in the community.
Keywords: Antibody, E. coli O157:H7, Ileum, Immunization, Liver, Spleen