Soil Quality

Irrigation Water Quality Assessment of Industrial Effluents Used for Irrigating Crops in Semi-arid Ecological Zone of Nigeria (Published)

Provision of quality treated wastewater effluents in form of irrigation water will potentially be an option to augment the water needs in agricultural irrigation. However, if the effluents did not meet the irrigation quality standards, their application will be detrimental to the receiving soils, consequently leading to soil and crop quality deterioration.  The aim of this study is to assess if Sharada industrial effluents are fit for irrigation application. The irrigation water quality assessment was carried out in three phases (Phases I, II and III) of the industrial locations. Findings indicated that the concentration of the major key irrigation water quality parameters; Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Exchangeable sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Total dissolved solids (TDS) were of good quality and suitable for irrigation regardless of phases.  However, the concentration of bicarbonate (HCO₃), Chlorides (Cl), Potassium (K) and Nitrate (NO₃-N) values detected in the samples were 488, 305, 305meq/l, 177.50, 159.75, 124.25meq/l, 18.99, 17.72, 13.50mg/l, and 119.09, 59.54, 31.53mg/l respectively. These values were high and of poor quality, thus, unfit for irrigation. Moreover, NO₃-N and HCO₃ in all irrigation effluents recorded high significant difference (P<0.05) in phase I compared to other phases while, Cl and K were highly significant (P<0.05) in phases I and II in comparison to phase III. Overall, the result when tested for irrigation quality compliance using International Standards revealed that compliance was achieved with reference to pH, EC, Na, Ca, Mg and TDS, while noncompliance was recorded for other irrigation water quality indices indicating that the effluents will be suitable for irrigation under careful, adequate and very effective proper management including improved irrigation system and schedule, soil with good permeability, infiltration and internal drainage, and use of good salt tolerant crops. The importance of this research lies in the fact that the effluents could not be a reliable and effective potential source of irrigation water rich in nutrients capable of increasing soil fertility and crop quality as is the practice of the farmers in the area.

Keywords: : Irrigation, Effluents, Soil Quality, Water Quality, crop quality

Constraints to Use of Soil Quality Maintaining Strategies in a Climate Change Stricken Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria (Published)

The study assessed constraints to use of soil quality maintaining strategies among crop farmers in Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Data were collected using interview schedule and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Results show that 65.00% of the respondents were females. Majority (60.00%) were married, with 54.16% having household sizes of not less than 6 persons. Most serious constraints were inadequate finance and capital intensiveness of some strategies. Significant relationships existed between age (r² = 0.152, p < 0.05), sex (c² = 5.21, p < 0.05), household size (r² < -0.212, p < 0.05) and constraints to use of soil quality maintaining strategies. There was significant difference in the extent of constraints to use of the strategies between male and female respondents (t = -1.12, p < 0.05). It is recommended that individuals should save funds for soil quality maintenance. Moreover, programmes aimed at reducing constraints to use of the strategies should be patterned according to severity of the constraints between male and female farmers.

Keywords: Constraints, Information, Maintaining Strategies, Perception, Soil Quality