COMMUNAL NON-FORMAL FINANCIAL MARKET SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: A MODEL FOR NNOBOA MARKET SYSTEM (Published)
Communal market system of mobilizing resources or funding has been with the indigenous people in the past. In Africa, particularly in Ghana it has been with the traditional people up to today. As we find it had to move the economy as a whole up, the indigenous people through this means are making it up in life. The problem has been with the impulsion of the western capitalism, which thrives on greed and individualism. This article gives reasons why Ghana should introduce a second financial market with traditional flavor. It recommends the modification of the old land marks, nnoboa, with modern technology which thrived through trust, communality and reciprocity that worked before the invasion of the land by the west to force us into capitalism
Keywords: Capitalism, Development, Ghana, Market, Nnoboa, synergy
A SECTORIAL ANALYSIS OF SUKUK MARKET BASED ON DETERMINANTS OF RISK AND RETURN PERFORMANCES (Published)
The present study attempted to identify different types of risks embedded in sukuk structure and to determine the impact of different types of risks on return of sukuk. Further, this study has also attempted to explore the relationship between market risk, credit risk, operational risk, liquidity risk and sukuk returns. Researcher collected data from the year 2005 to 2013. Data were collected on periodic basis for determining the impact of the diverse risks on sukuk returns daily. This study analyzed the data using line charts, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regressions i.e. ordinary least square with F and t statistics. Results of this study revealed that NASDAQ sectorial basis sukuk index found to have four models which explain from 84% to 91 % of variations in returns. As such global sukuk return, sovereign sukuk return, corporate sukuk return and financial sukuk return are explained by 84%, 91%, 86% and 88% respectively. These results might also be affected by interest rate risk, inflation risk, dollar rate risk, maturity risk, credit risk & default risk, legal & Shari’ah compliance risk, liquidity risk, and reinvestment risk. These results provided support for the hypotheses and shown a relationship between total return and different type of risks. Since sukuk markets are becoming famous in globally developed countries which try to adopt Islamic sukuk for prevailing financial crisis, this study has many implications for the managerial and policy making level.
Keywords: Market, Performance, Return, Risk, sukuk structure