GIS-Based Identification of Flood Conditioning Factors and Hazard Rating in Yola North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria (Published)
This research aimed at identifying flood conditioning factors and hazard rating in Yola North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria with geospatial technology. The data used include ASTER with 30m spatial resolution, Landsat 9 OLI multispectral data (2023), and flood and non-flood points. This research was achieved by preparing flood conditioning factors and assessed flood hazard rating in the study area. The data used for this research includes; the satellite imageries covering the study area of 1980-2021, Digital Elevation Model, Curvature, Aspect, Slope, Topographic Roughness Index (TRI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Stream Power Index (SPI), Sediment Transport Index (STI), Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) measurements, Distance To The River, Soil, Rainfall, Total Flow Accumulation, Flood Points and Non-Flood Points to achieve the stated objectives. The data were used as an input for Geospatial analysis. The study analyzed land use, aspect values, distance to streams, flow accumulation, and other factors to assess flood risk. Built-up areas (33%), farmland (25%), and bare land (18%) were identified as significant land use types. Aspect values ranged from low (-1 to 63) to high (289 to 358). Distance to streams ranged from 250m to over 2000m. Areas with high flow accumulation and direction values are prone to flooding. Rainfall ranged from 0mm to 348.1mm in August. River basin values indicated larger catchment areas in some areas. Slope values ranged from 0.76 (low) to 13 (high). Soil characteristics and SPI, STI, TRI, TWI, and NDWI values also indicated varying levels of flood risk. The study’s results can be used to inform flood mitigation strategies. The results showed that 58% of the area has a low degree of hazard, while 18% has an extreme hazard, 17% has a significant hazard, and 6% has a moderate hazard. The study identified areas prone to flooding, including those with low elevation, proximity to water bodies, and poor drainage. The findings suggest that land use patterns, topography, and soil characteristics significantly influence flood risk rating in the study area. Therefore, the results of this study are useful in flood mitigation strategies, such as identifying flood-prone areas for targeted interventions, designing drainage systems and flood protection infrastructure, and planning evacuation routes and emergency response plans.
Keywords: : GIS, Flood, Yola North, conditional factor, hazard rating
Factors Associated to Flood Resilience Measurement in Narayani River Basin, Nepal (Published)
Resilience measurement is burning discourse these days for most of the international humanitarian and development works. Building resilience is important aspect for sustainability and ownership of a particular community for any development programing; and similarly measuring the resilience is crucial to showcase the evidence of change in the development works. There is growing need to invest in its measurement approach that enhance the resilience-especially related to the flood. The main objective of this research is to identify the factors, which contribute to the flood resilience measurement that explains community-level empirical evidence. Accordingly, research was done in two communities of Narayani river basins at Susta Rural Municipality, Nawalparashi-west, Nepal. The paper illustrates overall findings include factors contributing to the flood resilience measurement and how these factors are categorized and mapped out in the flood resilience measurement in general. The factors associated with livelihood capitals, resilience properties, and the DRR cycle have a great impact than others in community resilience. The paper also highlights comparative analysis on one community to another and one factor to another and presents process-oriented community actions and empirical evidence from the research findings that contribute to flood resilience measurement.
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Keywords: Flood, Measurement, Resilience, capitals, sustainable livelihoods framework
The Impact of Flooding On the Livelihood of People Living In the Luhonono Area in the Zambezi Region, Namibia (Published)
This study examined the impact of floods on the livelihoods of the community of the Luhonono area (formally called Schuckmansburg) in the Kabbe constituency in the Zambezi Region of Namibia. The problem identified is the persistent flooding in the Luhonono area, giving rise to the need to look at the impact of floods on the livelihoods of the local community. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches, utilising both descriptive and exploratory designs. The target population for the study was all the heads of households, community leaders and a political councillor of government in Luhonono area. The study applied both purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques. Structured questionnaires and an interview guide were used as research instruments to collect data from the sample. The data was used to measure the impact of floods on the livelihood of the people in the flood-prone area. The data collected were computed using the Excel computer program version 16.0 and the data were analysed by both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Chi Square tests were carried out to determine the association of villages and the severity of the flooding to the respondents. Hypotheses to test this association were examined using the Chi Square method. It was established that there is no association between the villages and the overall severity of the floods in the Luhonono area. This implies that all the villages were equally affected by the flood. There is a need for further studies to develop baseline data on the impact of flood that will help the Government of the Republic of Namibia in establishing strategies that will help the communities in flood prone areas to develop resilience against the impact of floods.
Keywords: Disaster, Flood, Hazard, Preparedness, Resilience, Vulnerability