USE OF MOTIVATIONAL EXPRESSIONS AS POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT IN LEARNING ENGLISH AT PRIMARY LEVEL IN RURAL AREAS OF PAKISTAN (Published)
The aim of this study is to examine good changes in learning and behaviour in the students at primary level by the use of motivational expressions within the context of behavioral perspective of Skinner’s model of reinforcement. Results can be used as key for seeing the reason behind the misconduct and failure of the students at schools as well in society. For non-native learners of English language most difficult task is to concentrate on learning in the class. The learner is less motivated to learn because he/she has no motivation at all particularly when the learner is at the early age. It is also felt that the teacher’s method and teaching style to teach English at primary level are lacking motivation in the learners. This research make hypothesis that Pakistani young learner especially in rural context is less motivated to learn English because teachers do not motivate students in the class. The finding of the research shows that children become more motivated towards learning English language when they are positively reinforced.
Keywords: English as a second language (ESL), English language teaching (ELT), Motivation, Pakistan, behaviourism, reinforcement